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Appendix A
Selected Documentation
Canadian Forces / Department of National Defence
In the early stages of development of Leadmark,
the Defence Fellow at Dalhousie University and staff officers within the
Directorate of Maritime Strategy wrote background papers to set the stage
and provoke discussion. Further input into the development of Leadmark
was provided by future security analyses commissioned from several eminent
academics, and to a certain extent by a number of future capability studies
by other sections of the Maritime Staff. Of these latter studies, the
most important are "Capability Blueprints to 2010" prepared by the requirements
cells of the Maritime Staff. Although speaking to common general concepts,
they are more near-term in their focus and will form part of the larger
follow-on Maritime Commander's Strategic Capability
Planning Guidance. They are not listed here, but are available
upon request.
Maritime Security In The Twenty-First Century:
Maritime Security Occasional Paper No. 11 – these background
papers were written to provoke discussion at a series of seminars in the
spring of 2000 into the themes that would be developed in Leadmark. They
comprise the following works by the Defence Fellow at Dalhousie University,
staff officers within the Directorate of Maritime Strategy and several
eminent academics:
- Introduction, Dr. Timothy
M. Shaw
- A Century of Canadian Maritime Force Development: A
Reinterpretive History, Lieutenant Commander
Richard Gimblett
- A Naval Assessment for 2020, Lieutenant Commander George
Kearney
- The (Re)Definition of Security: Implications for Canadian
Naval Strategy in the 21st Century, Dr.
Brooke Smith-Windsor
- Maritime Security in the 21st Century: The
Changing Maritime Security Environment, Commander
Edward L. Tummers
- Thoughts from the Outside: Rethinking Maritime Strategy
and Force Requirements for 2020, Dr. James
Fergusson
- Whither the Navy? A Hard Look at the Future of the
Canadian Navy, Dr. Marc Milner
- What Naval Capabilities Does Canada Need?, Peter
Haydon
Strategy 2020 – already has been
referred to in the main text as the keystone document guiding the development
of DND/CF into the 21st century. It took into account a number
of emerging defence issues as described in its own reference publications
(subsequently published separately):
- Strategic Overview.1
Produced annually by the Directorate of Strategic Analysis, this document
identifies and analyzes geopolitical, economic, military, ethnic, religious
and technological factors that shape issues around the globe. In addition
to an examination of major geographical regions of the world, specific
functional issues and considerations are also examined. The discussion
and analysis is conducted at a general strategic level and is not specifically
related to the Canadian Forces, although, implications for Canada's
long-term security interests can be drawn from the work.
- Military Assessment.2
This forward looking document is produced biannually by the Directorate
of Defence Analysis (DDA) to provide context for defence planning activities
within the Canadian Forces. It complements the Strategic Overview, the
difference being that the Military Assessment analyses the implications
of geopolitical events for the Canadian Forces, specifically in terms
of strategic capability requirements over a longer timeframe. Although
a useful foundation document, for the purposes of Leadmark it does not
provide sufficient detail of the emergent maritime security environment.
Security assessments from a naval perspective therefore were developed
internally by the Maritime Staff.3
- Canadian Defence Beyond 2010
– The Way Ahead: An RMA Concept Paper.4
This paper examines the possibilities of change to the doctrine and
organization of DND/CF offered by this evolving defence issue.
The Future Security Environment.5
This concept paper is the first step in the Canadian army's three-part
development process for the Future Army. It examines the factors that
appear to have the greatest influence on the future, including the lessons
of history, the global geo-strategic environment, the domestic environment,
emerging technology, and allied and foreign force development. It concludes
with an assessment of the impact on the future security environment on
operations and an articulation of the major roles foreseen for the Future
Army. Although its own publication was overshadowed by Strategy
2020, many of the themes it explored are germane to those of Leadmark.
US and Allies
Within Canada's North American and European collective security partnerships,
the United States and the United Kingdom spearhead most developments.
Understanding how they foresee the development and employment of their
armed forces in the future security environment is fundamental to any
Canadian reappraisal. The many similarities of Australia and the Netherlands
with Canada, especially with regards to their general military, political,
economic and social situations, should also inform such work. The following
selections survey the most recent approaches amongst these navies with
most direct relevance to our own.
From the Sea
and Forward ... From the Sea.6
Promulgated in 1992, ...From the Sea defined the strategic concept intended
to carry the US Naval Service (ie, the Navy and the Marine Corps) beyond
the Cold War and into the 21st century. It signalled a change
in focus and, therefore, in priorities away from operations on the sea
toward power projection and the employment of naval forces from the
sea to influence events in the littoral regions of the world.
In 1994, Forward ...From
the Sea updated and expanded those earlier strategic concepts
to specifically address the unique contributions of naval expeditionary
forces in peacetime operations, as well as when responding to crises
and participating in regional conflicts.
Joint Vision 2020.7
This work builds upon the concepts established by Joint
Vision 2010 for the transformation of the US Armed Forces. It
lays emphasis upon joint forces as the key to operational success due
to their flexibility and responsiveness. It points to information superiority
as a key enabler in the development of the operational capabilities
of the joint force and articulates a vision that accepts the importance
of technology and technical innovation, while also stressing that they
must be accompanied by innovation in organisation and doctrine.
The Fundamentals of
British Maritime Doctrine (BR 1806, 2nd ed.).8
The first edition of this publication appeared in 1995, intended primarily
to educate naval professionals and laymen alike in the principles underlying
maritime doctrine. As an introduction to the study of maritime strategy
and its influence on international relations, it is an indispensable
reference. This is perhaps best demonstrated by the fact that, even
though the second edition follows upon the United Kingdom's Strategic
Defence Review of 1998, the only substantial changes result from incorporation
of the subsequent work of The United Kingdom
Doctrine for Joint and Multinational Operations (UKOPSDOC).
Defence 2000: Our Future
Defence Force – Australian Defence White Paper9
Representing a comprehensive review of Australian defence policy, Defence
2000 provides a clear articulation of Australia's strategic and force
structure objectives into the 21st century. While the "priority
task" for the Australian Defence Force (ADF) remains the defence and
security of Australia and its direct approaches, the White Paper places
new emphasis on the ADF's participation in international-particularly
regional-stability operations including peace-enforcement and humanitarian
assistance. To ready the ADF for the array of potential contingencies
from conventional war to Operations Other Than War (OOTW), Defence
2000 mandates a strengthened force structure (to 54,000 full
time personnel by 2010), additional funding for new and upgraded capabilities
across all three services, and the maintenance of a strong alliance
with the United States.
Netherlands Defence White Paper 2000.10
Although this official government statement confirms that the Dutch
military will have to be able to respond across the whole spectrum of
conflict from major war to the provision of humanitarian aid, it projects
forces optimised more for crisis management than collective defence.
In underscoring the importance of interoperability in command and control
in securing future goals, while also seeking to achieve a higher degree
of jointness, it provides direction regarding several important forward-looking
strategic goals. Among these, the Dutch navy will explore the feasibility
of acquiring a maritime-based theatre missile defence capability; it
will act to enhance its strategic sealift capability; and, it will investigate
the feasibility of fitting this new ship with a joint headquarters capability.
Footnotes
| Published: 2002 08 06 |
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